Strengthening European Democracy: A Call to Action

Democracy is under threat around the world. A much greater share of the world’s population lives in autocracies today than in democracies. In the last decade, their proportion has increased from 48 to 71 per cent. At the same time, the quality of democracy has been declining in many parts of the world, with freedom of expression being the worst affected component. In the European Union specifically, although most citizens believe that democracy is the best system of collective governance, the functioning of representative democracy faces increasing criticism and disengagement. 

At my request, following the Conference on the Future of Europe and the adoption of the Defence of Democracy package, the European Group on Ethics (EGE) prepared a statement which I believe highlights the most pressing threats to democracy and most effective strategies to address them. The threats include the rise of authoritarian populism, digital disinformation, structural inequalities, and external state-based threats.

Strengthening a Pluralistic European Civic Space
One of the EGE’s main recommendations is to strengthen a pluralistic European civic space. This involves creating an environment where all citizens feel they can participate meaningfully in political, economic, social, and cultural life. A vibrant civic space requires freedom from intimidation, harassment, and reprisals, whether online or offline. Policies must ensure that people can express their views and engage in civic activities without fear.

Encouraging participatory and deliberative democracy, where citizens are directly involved in the decision-making process, can help achieve this. Supporting civil society organizations and grassroots movements is also crucial, as they play a key role in representing diverse interests and fostering community engagement. The Conference on the Future of Europe itself, and the many Citizens Panels that we organised around important subject matters are a testament to our commitment in this respect.

Combating Digital Disinformation
The spread of disinformation through digital platforms has become a major challenge, undermining trust in democratic processes. Social media algorithms often amplify false information, creating echo chambers and increasing polarization. To address this, regulations must ensure transparency and accountability for digital platforms. Promoting digital literacy among citizens is vital so they can critically evaluate the information they encounter online. Additionally, fostering deliberative democratic practices, where diverse perspectives are considered before decision-making, can enhance the quality and legitimacy of democratic outcomes.

Addressing Structural Inequalities
Economic inequalities and austerity measures have fuelled populist sentiments by leaving many feeling disenfranchised and neglected. Reorienting policies towards social justice and economic inclusivity is essential. Ensuring that economic growth benefits all citizens, not just the elite, can mitigate the appeal of populist rhetoric that exploits economic grievances.

The Threat of Authoritarian Populism
Authoritarian populism poses a significant threat to democratic institutions by exploiting societal discontent and promoting divisive narratives. Populist narrative often creates an "us vs. them" mentality, blaming societal problems on minorities and marginalized groups. This approach erodes the solidarity and mutual trust essential for a healthy democracy. To counter this, it is crucial to promote a more inclusive and substantial understanding of democracy. This means not only ensuring fair elections but also fostering a society where dignity, equality, and social justice are fundamental values. Strengthening civic education and promoting active citizenship can help build resilience against populist narratives.

Defending Against External State-Based Threats
External threats from state actors, including disinformation campaigns and cyber-attacks, pose serious challenges to democratic stability. These actions aim to destabilize democracies by spreading discord and undermining public trust in institutions.

Addressing these threats, as we propose in our Defence of Democracy Package, requires coordinated international efforts to enhance cybersecurity, share intelligence, and implement sanctions against perpetrators. Strengthening alliances and promoting global norms that protect democratic governance are also essential.

Conclusion
Democracy faces numerous threats that require comprehensive and multifaceted responses. By promoting an inclusive and substantial understanding of democracy, regulating digital platforms, addressing structural inequalities, and defending against external threats, we can safeguard democratic institutions and values. Strengthening a pluralistic European civic space is particularly important, ensuring that all citizens can participate fully in their societies. The EGE's Statement on Democracy offers a roadmap to reinforce democracy's resilience in the face of these challenges. As we mark this occasion, I fully support this call to action for all stakeholders to commit to protecting and nurturing democracy in Europe and beyond.